QUESTION 3 The Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF) in Abuja has recently initiated a data-driven governance reform programme aimed at improving the quality of fiscal reporting across Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs). As part of this initiative, the Accountant-General of the Federation has mandated that all MDAs migrate from manual spreadsheet-based reporting to a centralised Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS). However, several MDAs have resisted the change, citing concerns about data integrity, staff competence, and the risk of system failure. You have been appointed as a consultant by the Office of the Accountant-General to advise on the implementation challenges and reporting improvements. Required: (a) Explain the term 'Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS)' and identify FOUR benefits that its full adoption would bring to fiscal management across Nigerian MDAs. (10 marks) (b) Analyse FOUR specific challenges that the Federal Ministry of Finance is likely to encounter in migrating MDAs from manual/spreadsheet-based reporting to GIFMIS, and recommend ONE practical solution for each challenge identified. (12 marks) (c) Explain the concept of a 'Management Dashboard' and discuss how the Accountant-General could use a fiscal dashboard to improve oversight of MDA expenditure performance. (8 marks) (Total: 30 marks)