ICANManagement InformationStandard Costing and Variance Analysis2022

Port Harcourt Refineries Plc uses a standard costing system. A favourable Material Price Variance combined with an adverse Material Usage Variance MOST LIKELY indicates which of the following situations?

AThe purchasing department bought superior quality materials at a higher price, leading to less wastage in production
BThe purchasing department bought inferior quality materials at a lower price, leading to greater wastage and inefficiency in productionCORRECT
CThe production department was more efficient than standard, consuming fewer materials than budgeted
DBoth variances arose from the same cause: an unexpected reduction in market prices for raw materials
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Why the answer is B, and why the others tempt you.
A favourable Material Price Variance indicates materials were purchased below standard price, often suggesting lower-grade or inferior materials were procured. An adverse Material Usage Variance indicates more material was consumed than the standard allows, which is a common consequence of using inferior materials that generate more waste or require rework. This illustrates the inter-relationship between variances, where a purchasing decision creates a knock-on effect in production efficiency.
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