(a) Discuss FIVE significant contributions of Umar ibn al-Khattab to the development of the Islamic State during his caliphate. (10 marks) (b) Explain how Umar ibn al-Khattab came to power and how his caliphate came to an end. (6 marks) (c) In what way did Umar ibn al-Khattab's administration serve as a model for good governance in Islam? (4 marks)
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