Al-Hajj Umar Tal's Tijaniyya-inspired jihad in the 19th century resulted in the establishment of which empire in West Africa?

Al-Hajj Umar Tal, a Toucouleur scholar and devout member of the Tijaniyya Sufi order, led a series of military campaigns from the 1850s that resulted in the creation of the Toucouleur Empire, which at its height controlled much of present-day Guinea, Senegal, and Mali. His jihad was motivated by both religious reform and the spread of Tijaniyya Islam.