The science that deals with the circumstances or occasions of the revelation of Qur'anic verses is known as

Asbab al-Nuzul (literally 'reasons/occasions of revelation') is the branch of Qur'anic sciences that records the historical events, questions, or circumstances that prompted the revelation of specific verses or chapters. This knowledge is essential for correct interpretation of the Qur'an. Tafsir is the broader science of Qur'anic exegesis, while Tajwid deals with the rules of recitation.