The peppered moth (Biston betularia) exists in a light-coloured form and a dark-coloured (melanic) form. During the Industrial Revolution in England, the dark form became more common in polluted, soot-covered areas. This observation is best explained by

Industrial melanism in the peppered moth is a classic example of natural selection. In soot-darkened environments, light-coloured moths became more visible to predators (birds) while dark moths were better camouflaged and survived to reproduce in greater numbers. This is differential predation acting as a selective pressure, not a direct effect of soot causing mutation or migration of the lighter form.