Universal suffrage includes:

**The reasoning** Universal suffrage means the right to vote is given to **all adult citizens** without discrimination. The word "universal" means "for everyone" — no exceptions based on gender, wealth, education, or social class. In a true democracy, every adult (usually 18+) has an equal vote. This principle fights against historical injustices where only men, landowners, or educated elites could vote. Nigeria practices universal suffrage — both your mother and father can vote, whether rich or poor, educated or not. **Why the wrong options tempt you** - **A (Men only)** — This was the old system in many countries before women's suffrage movements. The word "universal" directly contradicts this limitation. - **C (Only the rich)** — This describes plutocracy or property qualifications, the opposite of universal access. - **D (Only literate)** — Literacy tests were actually used to *suppress* voting rights. Universal suffrage removes such barriers. **Quick takeaway** Universal = everyone; suffrage = voting rights. **Universal suffrage means ALL adults vote, regardless of gender, wealth, or education.**